The Character Henry in John Berrymans The Dream Songs :: Dream Songs

The Character Henry in John Berryman's The Dream Songs The question that continuously puzzled me as I read through the poems was, "Who is Henry?". He is the main character in John Berryman's The Dream Songs, yet he is very mysterious. He is likely to show up in almost every poem in the book. Analyzing this character is confusing because he is mentioned so many times and in so many different contexts that it is hard to decipher exactly who he is, however it is possible that even the author is not exactly sure who he is. Berryman introduces Henry into the poems in a subjective manner as just a character in his poems. I think Berryman wanted to write about himself, but it would have felt too personal and revealing for him to openly talk about himself. He, therefore, starts out naming this man Henry and mentions him randomly. He says in poem 4, "There ought to be a law against Henry" (Berryman 6), which to the reader does not make a whole lot of sense and veers away from any emphasis on the author. The correlation between Henry and the author is not very apparent until later. In poem number 13 Berryman describes Henry. Berryman goes into detail as he explains, "So may be Henry was a human being...He is a human American man. That's true...God's Henry's enemy" (Berryman 15). It is uncanny how closely these lines resemble Berryman's own life. Berryman was obviously a human being, but he was also an American man, who lived a life that most would call grievous. He was so unhappy with life at one point that he tried to commit suicide, unfortunately something his father succeeded at when Berryman was younger. His complicated life could explain why he may feel that God is his enemy. This is where Berryman sort of lets go and starts sharing his own feelings and experiences, but still uses the name Henry to protect himself from the judgment of others. The Character Henry in John Berryman's The Dream Songs :: Dream Songs The Character Henry in John Berryman's The Dream Songs The question that continuously puzzled me as I read through the poems was, "Who is Henry?". He is the main character in John Berryman's The Dream Songs, yet he is very mysterious. He is likely to show up in almost every poem in the book. Analyzing this character is confusing because he is mentioned so many times and in so many different contexts that it is hard to decipher exactly who he is, however it is possible that even the author is not exactly sure who he is. Berryman introduces Henry into the poems in a subjective manner as just a character in his poems. I think Berryman wanted to write about himself, but it would have felt too personal and revealing for him to openly talk about himself. He, therefore, starts out naming this man Henry and mentions him randomly. He says in poem 4, "There ought to be a law against Henry" (Berryman 6), which to the reader does not make a whole lot of sense and veers away from any emphasis on the author. The correlation between Henry and the author is not very apparent until later. In poem number 13 Berryman describes Henry. Berryman goes into detail as he explains, "So may be Henry was a human being...He is a human American man. That's true...God's Henry's enemy" (Berryman 15). It is uncanny how closely these lines resemble Berryman's own life. Berryman was obviously a human being, but he was also an American man, who lived a life that most would call grievous. He was so unhappy with life at one point that he tried to commit suicide, unfortunately something his father succeeded at when Berryman was younger. His complicated life could explain why he may feel that God is his enemy. This is where Berryman sort of lets go and starts sharing his own feelings and experiences, but still uses the name Henry to protect himself from the judgment of others.

Incoterms Use for Shipping Terms

INCOTERMS USE FOR SHIPPING TERMS Incoterms rules are international trade terms promulgated by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). Though used primarily in international trade, they are seeing increasing use in domestic trade. When used, they should specify the specific shipping term, the location, Incoterms, and the edition. An example is â€Å"DAT Pier 82 Port of Philadelphia Incoterms ® 2010. † Incoterms rules specify the point at which risk of loss occurs, but not, strictly speaking, where title changes.In addition, they specify which party is responsible for freight (or carriage) charges, but not payment terms for the goods themselves. The ICC prefers that â€Å"Incoterms† be used as an adjective, not a noun, in prose. The word itself is trademarked and the rules are copyrighted, so at least the last edition, Incoterms ® 2010, should include the trademark. The U. S. national council of the ICC is the U. S. Council for International Business (USCIB). The leading U. S. authority is Frank Reynolds, who served on the eight-member committee of the ICC which drafted the Incoterms ® 2010 rules.New rules have been published every ten years, and the second latest, Incoterms 2000, is still in widespread use. The rules are brought more up-to-date in their application, and sometimes, old terms are deleted and new terms are added. There has been a tendency to incorporate container shipment provisions, and to place responsibility for export specifics more on the seller and import specifics more on the buyer. The edition of the rules should always be specified, such as â€Å"FOB Terminal 86 Port of Seattle Incoterms 2000. The named place (â€Å"delivery† under Incoterms rules) is where risk of loss changes, and usually, but not always, where responsibility for carriage charges changes. Incoterms rules are not law and are incorporated into the sales contract by explicit reference to them. The sales contract includes additional specifics of the contract, and may modify the Incoterm chosen. However, the International Chamber of Commerce cautions that Sometimes the parties want to alter an Incoterms rule. The Incoterms ® 2010 rules do not prohibit such alteration, but there are dangers in so doing.In order to avoid any unwelcome surprises, the parties would need to make the intended effect of such alterations extremely clear in their contract. Thus, for example, if the allocation of costs in the Incoterms 2010 ® rules is altered in the contract, the parties should also state whether they intend to vary the point at which the risk passes from seller to buyer. Domestic trade is likely to see increasing use of the ICC’s international commercial terms. The 2000 edition of Incoterms first provided for this, and the subtitle of Incoterms 2010 ® is actually ICC rules for the use of domestic and international trade terms. As a result, the Incoterms ® 2010 clearly state in a number of places that the obligation to comply with export/import formalities only exists where applicable. † Domestic trade terms from the UCC, even those which use the same letters, are not precisely the same as the international trade terms. FOB, or free on board, is more restricted and precisely defined internationally, and is only used for water transportation, whereas it may be used for any form of transportation domestically. The UCC provisions are rather short and dated compared with the more up-to-date, detailed rules found in Incoterms ® 2010.A total of eleven Incoterms rules are available, down from thirteen in Incoterms 2000. These three-letter terms give responsibilities for, in addition to delivery and shipment charges, documents provision, information availability, and security coordination. EXW—Ex-works. Here the seller merely makes the goods available at its premises and the buyer, or more likely the buyer’s freight carrier, picks them up. The seller does not clear the goods for export. However, the exporter’s government sometimes requires the manufacturer to file particular documents (in the U. S. he manufacturer is the â€Å"Principal Party in Interest† even if another party exports the goods out of the country), so despite the limited obligations of the exporter under this term, many authorities conclude that other shipment terms, such as FCA, are usually more appropriate in international trade. In addition, from the point of view of the buyer, the seller is usually in a better position to handle the export legalities. FCA—Free Carrier. The seller’s responsibility is to get the goods to the carrier nominated by the buyer. The location specified, however, may be the seller’s place of business.Under EXW the seller is not obligated to load the goods, but if under FCA the seller’s place of business is specified as the location of delivery, it is. If the terms are FCA somewhere else, then the seller does not have to l oad the goods on the carrier’s vehicle but simply gets them to the carrier’s location. Once the seller gets the goods to the carrier, risk of loss and responsibility for shipping charges rests with the buyer. This term is seeing increasing use, and is well-suited for intermodal and containerized transport. CPT—Carriage Paid to.CPT is quite similar to the more common CFR. Like CFR, the seller chooses the carrier and pays for shipment, but the risk of loss passes to the buyer after the goods have been delivered by the seller to the carrier. CIP—Carriage and Insurance Paid to. Under CPT and CIP the seller chooses and pays the carrier. Under FCA the buyer chooses the shipping company and pays it. Under all three the risk of loss passes when the seller delivers the goods to the carrier. All three are used for intermodal and containerized transport. DAT—Delivered at Terminal. Incoterms rules give a named place.Here the terms might be â€Å"DAT Pier 82 P ort of Philadelphia Incoterms ® 2010† which mean that the seller gets the goods to Pier 82 and unloads them from the ship, and bears risk of loss until they are in the terminal. DAP—Delivered at Place. Here the terms might be â€Å"DAP Area 14 Clover Shippers Cleveland Incoterms ® 2010† which mean that the seller gets the goods to Area 14, bearing risk of loss and freight charges to that point, but unlike DAT the buyer is responsible for unloading the goods. DDP—Delivered Duty Paid. The seller does virtually everything, getting the goods to the buyer’s place of business.EXW is the only term in which the buyer clears for export, and DDP is the only term in which the seller provides for import formalities. FAS—Free Alongside. Here the seller’s responsibility is to get the goods on the dock alongside the ship. From that point expenses and risk of loss are for the buyer. Under Incoterms rules, FAS, FOB, CFR, and CIF are only for water transport. ————————————————- Domestic term FAS, Free Alongside, appears in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). As in the international version, it requires the seller to place the goods alongside the ship for shipment.FOB—Free on Board. The seller’s responsibility is to get the goods on board the ship. From that point expenses and risk of loss are for the buyer. Used especially for shipments of bulk items like grains, but not well-suited for containerized and intermodal freight, in which the seller typically gets the goods to a container staging area well away from the ship. (Under all previous Incoterms editions, water-based-transportation delivery occurred when the goods â€Å"passed the ship’s rail;† now delivery occurs when the goods are â€Å"on board† the ship. FOBS or FOBST are sometimes used, although they are not listed in Incoter ms publications. FOBS means FOB Stowed, in which the seller is responsible for getting the goods down in the hold of the ship. FOB Stowed and Trimmed means that the seller is also responsible for balancing the cargo load so that the ship lies in the water correctly. FOBST L/S/D means the seller gets the goods on board the ship, stows them in the hold, trims the vessel, and provides lashing, securing, and dunnaging for the goods, which means they are secured safely for transport and properly aerated. ———————————————— Domestic term FOB, Free on Board, appears in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). Although FOB is probably the most widely-used Incoterms rule, it is even more widely-used domestically, with well over half of domestic transport shipped under this three-letter code. Unlike the international version, the domestic version may be used for any type of transport, not j ust water-related. Incoterms rules provide for much more detail than UCC provisions.Incoterms rules specify the buyer as the party which nominates the carrier, and the buyer typically gives the specific time, dock, and ship to which the goods are to be delivered as well, but under domestic transport the seller will often be the party which chooses the transportation company. ————————————————- Internationally, FOB is referenced from a port of shipping, but domestically it may be specified from almost any location within the United States.FOB Origin (or Shipping Point) means that risk of loss passes to the buyer as the seller ships the goods from its premises. FOB Destination means that risk of loss passes to the buyer only as the buyer receives the goods at its receiving dock. The parties may also specify a location for FOB responsibilities. A shipment of oranges from Flori da to Minnesota could use terms FOB Miami, or FOB Minneapolis–or even FOB Atlanta, in which case risk of loss and responsibility for payment of freight charges would transfer from the seller to the buyer in Atlanta. ————————————————-Through usage a number of common modifiers have been appended to the basic domestic shipping terms: ————————————————- FOB Origin, Freight Collect is usually how FOB Origin is stated. This means explicitly that risk of loss passes to the buyer as the seller ships the goods, and that the buyer pays freight charges to the carrier. FOB Origin, Freight Collect is by far the most common domestic shipping term. If only FOB is specified, or FOB Origin is specified, the shipment is assumed to be under FOB Origin, Freight Collect terms. ———————————————— FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid passes the risk of loss to the buyer as the seller ships the goods but provides that it is the seller, and not the buyer, who pays freight charges to the carrier. Also stated as (1) FOB Origin, Freight Allowed; (2) FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Allowed. ————————————————- FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Added passes the risk of loss to the buyer as the seller ships the goods but provides that it is the seller who pays freight charges to the carrier.However, the seller then adds the freight charge, typically as a separate line in the invoice, to the buyer’s bill. Also stated as (1) FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Add; (2) FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Charged; (3) FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Charged Back. ————————————————- FOB Destination, Freight Prepaid means that the seller bears risk of loss in shipment and also pays the carrier. Universities usually prefer this term. Also stated as FOB Destination, Freight Prepaid and Allowed. â€Å"FOB Destination† alone is assumed to be FOB Destination, freight prepaid. ———————————————— FOB Destination, Freight Prepaid and Added means that the seller bears risk of loss in shipment and pays the carrier, but then adds the freight charge, typically as a separate line in the invoice, to the buyer’s bill. Also stated as (1) FOB Destination, Freight Prepaid and Add; (2) FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Charged; (3) FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Charged Back. ———————à ¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- FOB Destination, Freight Collect states that the seller bears risk of loss in shipment, but that the buyer pays the carrier. ———————————————— FOB Destination, Freight Collect and Allowed provides that the seller bears risk of loss, the buyer pays the carrier, and that the buyer deducts the freight charge as a separate line on the seller’s invoice. CFR—Cost and Freight. The seller’s quoted price includes freight. However, risk of loss passes to the buyer when the goods are on board the ship. Many buyers initially like to use CFR or CIF as the seller handles more of the arrangements–choosing the shipping firm and paying for the freight.However, more experienced buyers sometimes like to use FOB instead, as this gives them more control after the items reach the port of shipment . Although not listed in Incoterms publications, CFR FO and CFR LO are sometimes used as shipment terms. FO means free out, in which the price (to the buyer) does not include unloading (or discharging) at the port of destination. LO means liner out, in which the price does include discharge at the port of destination. CFR LO may also be given as CFR liner terms, CFR berth terms, or CFR landed.Under plain CFR terms, the seller is under no strict obligation to pay for the discharge of the goods, but it is recognized that often he or she will as they may be included in the common shipment contract. If not, the buyer must use his or her own movers (stevedores) to get the goods off the ship. Incoterms rules specify obligations between buyer and seller. In contracts a party makes with a shipping company, â€Å"free† means it is free for the shipping company—FI or free in, the ship’s owner does not load the goods, but whoever charters the vessel does. FO or ree out mea ns that the ship’s crew does not unload the goods, but rather that the charterer provides for discharging Liner in means that the ship owner loads the goods, and liner out means that the ship owner discharges the goods. ————————————————- Domestic term Cost and Freight, or CF, or CNF, or C&F, appears in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC). As in the international version, it requires the seller to place the goods on the vehicle for shipment. However, unlike the international version, the domestic version may be used for any type of transport, not just water-related.In both international and U. S. versions, the seller pays the freight, but risk of loss is the buyer’s in shipment. Although not as frequently used as FOB, the terms CF (CFR Incoterms) and CIF are quite common, both domestically and internationally. CIF—Cost, Insurance, and Freight. Same as CFR except that insurance is included. ————————————————- CIF appears in both Incoterms rules and the UCC. Under Incoterms EXW, FCA, FAS, and FOB the buyer selects the carrier. Under CFR, CIF, CPT, CIF, DAT, DAP, and DDP the seller selects the carrier.FAS, FOB, CFR, and CIF are for water transportation only, but the others are for any mode of transport. Incoterms 2000 had 13 terms. EXW FCA FAS FOB CFR CIF CIP CPT DAF or delivered at frontier. DES or delivered ex-ship. The seller got the goods to the buyer’s port but the buyer was responsible for unloading. This term was often used for coal and other large commoditized shipments. ————————————————- Domestic term Ex-ship appears in the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) and provides, unlike the international version, that the seller unloads the goods onto the dock.DEQ or delivered ex-quay. The seller got the goods to the buyer’s port and got them unloaded on the dock or quay. DDU or delivered duty unpaid. DDP TITLE AND ACCOUNTING Unlike international trade terms under Incoterms rules, domestic use of FOB may be for any transportation mode. The most common domestic shipping term is FOB Origin, Freight Collect, which means that title and risk of loss pass to the buyer at the seller’s place of business, and the shipping company collects the charge from the buyer. Equivalently, FOB Shipping Point, Freight Collect is the same thing.FOB Destination, Freight Prepaid means that title and risk of loss pass from the seller to the buyer at the buyer’s place of business, and the seller prepays the shipping charge to the shipping company. Accountants report a merchandiser’s and a manufacturer’s revenues when a sale is made. The term, FOB Shipping Point, indicates that the s ale occurred at the shipping point—at the seller’s shipping dock. FOB Destination indicates that the sale will occur when it arrives at the destination—at the buyer’s receiving dock.Accountants also assume that the cost of transporting the goods corresponds to these terms. If the sale occurred at the shipping point (seller’s shipping dock), then the buyer should take responsibility for the cost of transporting the goods. (The buyer will record this cost as Freight-In or Transportation-In. ) If the sale doesn’t occur until the goods reach the destination (terms are FOB Destination), then the seller should be responsible for transporting the goods until they reach the buyer’s unloading dock. (The seller will record the transportation cost asFreight-Out, Transportation-Out, or Delivery Expense. ) (From http://blog. accountingcoach. com/fob-shipping-point-fob-destination/) CONTAINERIZATION—WIKIPEDIA Containerization (British:contai nerisation) is a system of freight transport based on a range of steel intermodal containers. Containers are built to standardized dimensions, and can be loaded and unloaded, stacked, transported efficiently over long distances, and transferred from one mode of transport to another—container ships, rail and semi-trailer trucks—without being opened.The system was developed after World War II, led to greatly reduced transport costs, and supported a vast increase in international trade. Container capacity is often expressed in twenty-foot equivalent units (TEU, or sometimes teu). An equivalent unit is a measure of containerized cargo capacity equal to one standard 20 ft (length) ? 8 ft (width) container. A 20-foot-long (6. 1 m) ISO container equals 1 TEU.

Entrepreneurs Of Small Enterprises In The UK - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1913 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Statistics Essay Did you like this example? Liquidity problem is an important strategic issue to run business enterprises. Small enterprises are realising the importance of such problems to reduce losses arises from this. Liquidity problems arise from shortage of working capital that require to maintain daily operations of the enterprise. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Entrepreneurs Of Small Enterprises In The UK" essay for you Create order If this problem persists for long-time, entrepreneurs are bound to stop their business. But it is difficult for small enterprises to get right support at the right time from banks and insurance companies due to certain terms and conditions imposed by them. So a study in this field will be helpful for both entrepreneurs and financial institutions to know current scenario of enterprise level management of liquidity problems and the role of financial institutions to solve this problem. Intelligent forecasting of the future trend in market conditions is a preventive measure to solve liquidity problem whereas, bank support through different financial products is a curative measure in management of liquidity problem. This study has been initiated to identify and analyse entrepreneurà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s view towards liquidity problems of small enterprises and role of bank to solve this problem. Categorically the major objectives of the present study are: To identify various reasons of liquidity problems of small enterprises; To uncover the views of entrepreneurs regarding the research topic in light of their age, education, invested amount of capital, enterprise life, location and nature of business; To assess the risks identified by the entrepreneurs arises from liquidity problems of their enterprises; To identify and analyze the role of bank in terms of available financial products to manage liquidity problems; To suggest probable solutions to solve liquidity problems of small enterprises. Hypothesis: H 1: There is no impact of small enterprises length of life on the size of liquidity problems. H 2: Amount of investment has no influence on liquidity problems. H 3: Nature of business has no impact on liquidity problems. H 4: Banks facilities are enough to solve liquidity problems of small enterprises. 7. Sources: Broad Subject Area: Business Finance Books and Journals: Alsbury, A. (2001), Quick Answers to Small Business Questions, Series Editor Jay, Prentice Hall, London. Allen, F. and Gale, D. (2007) Understanding Financial Crisis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Bygrave, W. D. (1994), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The entrepreneurship paradigm 1: a philosophical look at ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s research methodologiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Entrepreneurship theory and practice, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp 1- 26. Bhaduri, R., G. Meissner and J. Youn (2007). Hedging Liquidity Risk. Journal of Alternative Investments, Winter 2007. Cecchetti, S. (2008), Monetary Policy and the Financial Crisis of 2007 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 2008. Available at: https://fmwww.bc.edu/ec-j/sems2008/Cecchetti.pdf [Accessed: 11 November 2008]. Cohen, W. (2005), The entrepreneur and small business problem solver, 3rd edition, Published by John Wiley and Sons. Dawson, J., Findlay, A. and Sparks, L. (2006) The Retailing Reader. London: Routledge. John L. Knight, Stephen Satchell (2003). Forecasting Volatility in the Financial Markets. Butterworth-Heinemann. Dorfman, Mark S. (2007). Introduction to Risk Management and Insurance (9th Edition). Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall. Douglas Hubbard (2009) The Failure of Risk Management: Why Its Broken and How to Fix It John Wiley Sons. Hisrich D. R. Peters P. M., (2002) Entrepreneurship, 5th edition, Pub., Tata McGraw-Hill. Hawkins, M. (2008) How to Benefit From Consumer Behaviour During a Financial Crisis. EzineArticles. Available at: https://ezinearticles.com/How-to-Benefit-From. Hannon, P.D. and Atherton, A. (1998), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Small firm success and the art of orienteering: the value of plans, planning and strategic awareness in the competitive small firmà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 5 No. 2, pp. 102-19. Islam N. Mamun Z. M., (2002) Entrepreneurship Development, An Operational Approach, Pub., The University Press Limited,. Leaf, W. and Sykes, E. (2009), Banking, 3rd edition, T butterworth Ltd. McConnell I. (2009), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Economic output posts biggest quarterly decline since 1980, The Herald (Glasgow), January 24th Issue, Final Edition, p. 26. Simpson, M et al. (2006), à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“marketing in small and medium size enterprisesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬?, International Journal of entrepreneurial behaviour and research, Vol. 12, Issue-6, pp 361-387. Available at:www.emeraldinsight.com [Accessed: 15 November 2009] Stoltz A, Viljoen M (2007) Financial Management: Fresh Perspectives, Published by Pearson South Africa. Websites: Small business banking, (2009) available at https://www.bytestart.co.uk/content/banking/banking-guides/business-banking-the-basics.shtml, [Accessed: 15 th November 2009] Office for National Statistics (2008), Unemployment rates rises to 5,7%.. Available at: www.statistics.gov.uk [Accessed 14th November 2009]. Number of enterprises, employment and turnover by number of employees and industry division, UK, start 2004, Available at www.statistics.gov.uk [Accessed: 14th November 2009] HSBC and Barclays news, , 10th November 2009, Available at: www.news.bbc.co.uk, [Accessed 12th November 2009] SME Academy London [online] Available at: https://www.smeacademy.co.uk/, [Accessed 13 November 2009] Banks Websites: www.barclays.co.uk www.hsbc.co.uk www.natwest.com www.lloydstsbbusiness.com 8. Literature Review: The economic recession that hit the UK in the second half of 2008 caused the retail industry to experience certain difficulties (McConnell, 2009; Kollewe, 2009). The credit crunch and growing unemployment reduced consumer income and spending levels and causes uncertain flow of cash for business enterprises. In such conditions, small enterprises are experiencing irregular cash flows, look at the cost cutting strategy, excessive burden of debt, reduction of buyers and uncertain profit margins or losses. As a result shortage of short term capital creates liquidity problems to small enterprises. In business, liquidity refers to the financial ability of an enterprise to meet ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s short term obligations to bear day to day expenditures. The liquidity of retail sector specially small enterprises are greatly affected by macroeconomic factors. These factors are divided into two: direct and indirect factors. The direct factors can be recognised as the decreasing disposable income, job insecurity and credit financing hurdles (Office for National Statistics, 2008). The indirect factors are challenges of credit financing and investment capability which commercial organisations face and which make these organisations unable to continue with producing high quality products and customer service (The Economist, 2008). Other macroeconomic factors that are related with small enterprises financial crisis are house price, house rent, and employment rate, and inflation rate, availability of bank loan, interest rates and changes of consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s behaviour. Storey [1994] notes that small firms, however they are defined, constitute the bulk of enterprises in all economies in the world. In the latter half of the last century the increasing important roles of small firms and entrepreneurship cannot be in any way understated [Bygrave 1994; Timmons 1994;]. Small firms are now a complex subject matter of research because of ità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s huge number of limitations. These features of small enterprises are supported by Robinson and Pearce [1984] who focused on the issue of resource limitations of small firms. These limitations are best summarised by Carson and Cromie [1989] who suggest that small firm is actually characterised by three types of limitations, those of: their impact on markets; finance; physical resources; It is obvious that among these three limitations, finance is one of the most important one what is equally important for promoting products and services of small enterprises in the markets and acquiring physical resources. But undoubtedly these three limitations are in a cycle and interdependent. Liquidity problem is not only the result of shortage of fund, this problem is the consequences of other two limitations too. Definition of small enterprises of European Commission Enterprise and Industry [europa.eu] refers to maximum number of employees are 49 and maximum annual turnover is 7million Euro for small enterprises. As per EU definition, there are 4,267,555 small enterprises in UK where 11,441,000 employments exist [UK Bureau of Statistics: Start 2004]. It is undoubtedly important to find out immediately the problems of such a large sector and solutions of the problems. As noted by Hill and McGowan (1999), there is no agreed definition or clear understanding, in view of the large literature that exists, of who the entrepreneur is or what it is they do. Entrepreneurship is probably best understood as a process, the constituents of which are the entrepreneur, their persistent search of opportunities, usually grounded in the market place, and efforts to marshal the resources needed to exploit these opportunities; hence the concept of the entrepreneurial SME (Hill and Wright, 2001). How entrepreneurship is vital and important for small enterprises? Hill and McGowan (1999) answer this question by adding that, without entrepreneurial commitment, determination, vision, energy, tolerance of risk, and ambition, the entrepreneurial process in small and medium enterprises would not happen. Entrepreneurs making decision in various circumstances must be sure to learn as much as possible about the situation, and approach the decision from a logical and rational p erspectivesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ (Ricky W. Griffin, 2002). The financial crisis, which transmitted internationally and caused disturbances in a wide range of powerful economies, many countries are seen to be on the brink of recession if not already plunged into it (Deutche Welle, 2008). Todayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s financial crisis what causes liquidity problems of business enterprises could be recognised as a major challenge for the survival of millions of small enterprises. The wide scope of the crisis caused a downturn in many industries, the bankruptcy of leading organisations and overall economic recession to countries like the UK, Germany and France (Deutche Welle, 2008; Hopkins, 2008; Office for National Statistics, 2008). Many EU countries including UK experienced the shock in their banking sectors as the provision of credit financing became a great challenge. Banks were suffering from lack of liquidity, which caused both business and non-business consumers financial hardships (The Economist, 2008). Though few banks like HSBC and Barclay s [BBC, November 2009] claimed that they are now in profit with enough liquidity to lend, most of the banks are in problem. Bank has short term and long term loan facilities, mortgage facilities, interest free bank overdraft facilities for small business enterprises [Small business banking, 2009]. There is a well-known idea that such facilities for small enterprises are very limited and process is very complex. Though various researchers carried out so many research to find out various factors that have direct and indirect impact on operations of small enterprises, relationship between entrepreneurship and small enterprises, buyers behaviour, marketing strategies, family and non-family business trends in this sector, there is still gap in research regarding liquidity problems and role of bank to solve this problem in terms of entrepreneurs perspective. Specially at the time of current economic down town there is a necessity of new research in the mentioned field. 9. Intended Methods of Data Collection: Assumptions of the study: Small enterprise: This study considers EU [maximum employee: 49] definition to select small enterprises. Scope and limitations of the Study: The study will focus on randomly selected 40 small enterprises of different sectors like hospitality, grocery, fashion and stationary from UK (London Area: Zone 1-4). Since the study will cover only the mentioned area, it will not reflect the exact UK scenario as a whole about the research. Data Collection Procedures: The proposed study is an empirical one. Both primary and secondary data will be used during the study. For collection of primary data self completed questionnaire will be used to collect information from entrepreneurs and executives of business enterprises. Observations and interview will be conducted in several cases to confirm more authentic information from the entrepreneurs. Secondary data will be collected from available literatures in form of books, journal, magazines, published materials, research articles, and online materials. To identify available financial products of banks to solve liquidity problems of small enterprises, banks websites will be used as a source of data and information. The researcher will also call the respondent to ensure timely feedback about questionnaire. In case of necessity, personal contacts will be used to support the research process. Methods of Data Analysis: Some parametric and non-parametric tools and techniques of statistics (like average, percentage, test of hypothesis, sampling distribution, etc); will be used to analyze data and information related with the study.